A3 report template

You’ve likely found a true root cause when: 1) Addressing it would prevent the problem from recurring, 2) It’s within your control to change, 3) It explains how and why the problem occurred, not just what happened, and 4) Further “why” questions start becoming circular or too broad. Test your conclusion by asking “If we fix this, will the problem actually stop happening?” before finalizing countermeasures.

Use an A3 report for medium-complexity, recurring problems that require cross-functional input and a structured approach. It’s ideal when you need to document your thinking process, communicate findings to leadership, or track implementation of solutions over time. For simpler issues with obvious causes, a quick fix may be enough. For highly complex problems requiring statistical analysis, consider more detailed Six Sigma tools alongside your A3.

Your countermeasures should be specific enough that anyone can understand what needs to be done, by whom, and by when. Include the action, owner, deadline, and expected impact for each item. Avoid vague statements like “improve training” and instead specify “Develop 3-hour hands-on calibration training for operators by June 15.” Limit yourself to 3-5 high-impact countermeasures rather than listing every possible solution.